Research Methods for Engineers

Knowledge’ q uestions: Answer each question using approx. 100 words

Q1: What is the difference between ‘randomization’ and ‘random selection’? Are they more related to internal or external validity and why? Explain. 

Q2: Search for the descriptions below on www. soeg.kb.dk (if it is not working, use www.scopus.com ) for a correct full reference. The answer must be presented as seven references in a correct APA format. (Note: In case you experience issues with www. soeg.kb.dk or www. scopus.com, try using another browser): 

1. Jørgensen, Tambo and Xydis have written and article on radars for wind turbine warning lights in 2019. 

2. In 2018, Xu, Xu and Li wrote about Industry 4.0 in International Journal of Production Research. 

3. Venable, Pries - Heje and Baskerville wrote this on designscience (notice the order of authors).

4. What did Rohrbeck et al. write in Deutsche Telekom in 2009? 

5. What have Prattichizzo et al. written on “wearability in fingertip haptics”? 

6. In 2002, Dubois and Gadde wrote a highly quoted article on the abductive approach. 

7. The most cited article on “Business Model Innovation” from Long Range Planning journal. 

Q3: 

1. According to www.scopus.com , how many citations does the article “Systematic investigation of the impact of operation conditions on the degradation behavior of perovskite solar cells” have ? 

2. According to www.scopus.com , how many citations does the article “Ageing effects of perovskite solar cells under different environmental factors and electrical load conditions” have ?

3. What do you notice? Explain.

4. How many articles has the first author of the second article published after 2018?  

Q4:

1. Who is the inventor of the “Magnetically attachable window screen system”? 

2. Which country did first issue the patent and when? What is the a publication number and the anticipated expiration date?

3. What is the application number and the date of the application filed in the USA? 

Q5: How will you prove that “Internet of Things” is more recent scientific field than “artificial intelligence”? 

Q6: I am supporting thate-highways (electric roadsystems) increase road transportation CO 2 emissions. - - Prove me wrong or support the statement.

Q7: What was the average energy consumption of the Bitcoin network in 2018? Compare with a country’s consumption. What was the monthly average energy consumption of the Bitcoin network between 2017 and 2019? What is the standard deviation for 2018? Support your findings. 

Q8 : Which of the following two papers is a systematic literature review and why? Support your answer. 

• Apostolou, D., Enevoldsen, P., The past, present and potential of hydrogen as a multifunctional storage application for wind power, 2019, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 112, pp. 917 - 929.

• Manos, D. P., Xydis, G., Hydroponics: Are we moving towards that direction only because of the environment? A discussion on forecasting and a systems review, 2 0 1 9, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(13 ), pp. 12662 - 12672. 

Q9: You find the following results in a search, which all include what you are looking for. Which one do you trust the most, which the least and why?  Be explicit as to why. 

• G. Tzanes, D. Zafirakis, G. A. Xydis, J. K. Kaldellis, Techno - economic Analysis for the Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy based System Planning in Autonomous Islands of Aegean Sea, MESAEP 18th Symposium, Crete, Greece 26-30 September 2015.

• Koscis G., Xydis, G., Repair process analysis for Wind Turbine s equipped with Hydraulic Pitch mechanism on the U.S. market in focus of cost optimization, Applied Sciences, 2019, 9, 3230, DOI:10.3390/app9163230. 

Q10: What is snowball samplingand how does the interviewer ensure representative sampling? Try to be analytical. 

‘Problem’ questions: Answer each question using approx. 100 - 200 words

 (You must answer all 3 questions) 

P1: A researcher finds that going spearfishing is linked to higher rates of drowning. Can the researcher conclude that going spearfishing causes drowning? Why or why not? Please be detailed in your answer. 

P2: 

1. What is the difference between a “short communication” and a “research article”? 

2. What would be the suggested structure of a literature review as a short communication? 

3. What should be your Specialization report’s structure? Explain. 

4. Why are abstract and keywords needed in your report? What can you say about a report that cites a vast number of articles from another language (not in English)? 

P3: A study claims that kids that do not eat breakfast are less concentrated in the first two hours in the class. To investigate this claim, a researcher used a sample of 30 children aged 7 9 years old, chosen from the local primary school, and asked them (interview) to note which mornings they skipped breakfast for a month. He also asked the teacher for the same period to take notes on how concentrated the kids were for the first two hours. 

1. Write the tested hypothesis for this study. 

2. Suggest analternative method to collect data. Is this method better than the one the researcher used? 

3. Describe how the subjectivity or objectivity of the teacher could play a role and how – if there is an issue – it can be resolved?

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